Hyponatremia signs
Confusion, seizures, headache, nausea.
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Nursing: Fluids & Electrolytes
Common electrolyte imbalance cues.
nursing nclex medicine
Flashcards
Hypernatremia signs
Thirst, dry mucous membranes, irritability.
Hypokalemia signs
Weakness, arrhythmias, U waves, constipation.
Hyperkalemia signs
Muscle weakness, peaked T waves, arrhythmias.
Hypocalcemia signs
Tetany, Chvostek/Trousseau, tingling.
Hypercalcemia signs
Bones/stones/groans: weakness, constipation, polyuria.
Fluid volume deficit
Tachycardia, hypotension, dry mucosa, low urine.
Fluid volume overload
Edema, crackles, weight gain, JVD.
Isotonic IV fluids
Expand ECF similarly (e.g. 0.9% NaCl).
Hypotonic fluids
Shift fluid into cells (use cautiously).
Hypertonic fluids
Pull fluid from cells into vessels.
Daily weight timing
Same time, same scale, similar clothing.
Third spacing
Fluid shifts into interstitial/transcellular spaces.
Magnesium low risk
Often linked with hypokalemia/hypocalcemia.