Layers and common network terms.
OSI model
7-layer conceptual networking model.
Physical layer
Cables, signals, bits on the wire.
Data link layer
Frames; MAC addresses; local delivery.
Network layer
Routing; IP addresses.
Transport layer
End-to-end delivery (TCP/UDP).
Session layer
Manages sessions between applications.
Presentation layer
Data format, encryption, compression.
Application layer
User-facing protocols (HTTP, DNS, etc.).
IP address
Numeric identifier for a network host.
DNS
Resolves domain names to IP addresses.
TCP
Reliable connection-oriented transport.
UDP
Fast connectionless transport.
Latency
Delay for data to travel to destination.
Bandwidth
Maximum data transfer rate of a link.