Foundational electrical terms (safety-first education).
Voltage (V)
Electric potential difference.
Current (A)
Flow of electric charge.
Resistance (Ω)
Opposition to current flow.
Ohm's law
V = I × R.
Circuit
Closed path for current to flow.
Short circuit
Unintended low-resistance path.
Ground / earth
Reference potential / safety path for fault current.
Breaker
Device that interrupts overcurrent.
Fuse
Sacrificial overcurrent protection.
Conductor
Material that allows current to flow easily.
Insulator
Material that resists current flow.
AC
Alternating current.
DC
Direct current.
GFCI / RCD
Device that trips on ground-fault leakage.