SQL/NoSQL concepts for product & eng.
RDBMS
Relational database management system.
NoSQL
Non-relational databases (document, key-value, etc.).
Schema
Structure definition of database objects.
ACID
Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability.
Replication
Copying data across servers for availability.
Sharding
Splitting data across multiple machines.
Cache
Fast temporary storage to reduce DB load.
ORM
Object-relational mapper between code and SQL.
Migration
Versioned change to database schema.
Backup
Copy of data for recovery.
Index selectivity
How well an index filters rows.
Denormalization
Adding redundancy for read performance.
CAP theorem
Trade-offs among consistency, availability, partition tolerance.
OLTP
Online transaction processing workloads.